Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan.
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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: causes, pathogenesis, and prevention Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease of the blood vessels, the disease is considered to be one of the main causes of cardiovascular in the world. It is characterized by the deposition of lipids, in particular, LDL‑cholesterol, inflammatory cells, and fibrous tissue in the intimal layer of the arteries. These deposits, as Plaques, referred to, lead to a narrowing of the vessel lumen (stenosis) and a restriction of the blood supply to the organs. Causes and risk factors The development of atherosclerosis is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Of the modifiable risk factors include: Hyperlipidemia (elevated concentration of LDL‑cholesterol and triglycerides); Arterial Hypertension; Tobacco consumption; Diabetes mellitus type 2; Overweight and obesity; Lack of exercise; unhealthy diet (high consumption of saturated fatty acids and TRANS-fats). Non-modifiable risk factors include age, gender (men are affected up to the menopause age) and a family history of early cardiovascular disease. Pathogenesis The pathological process begins with damage to the endothelial cell Association, often caused by mechanical stress factors or toxic substances (e.g., nicotine). This damage leads to increased permeability of the vascular wall, and the adhesion of monocytes and T‑lymphocytes. The monocytes to differentiate to macrophages, oxidized LDL‑cholesterol, become foam cells. This marked the beginning of the Plaque formation. In the further course of a fibrous cap over the lipid core region, is formed. Unstable Plaques with a thin cap and a large lipid core are particularly dangerous, as they can tear. The subsequent thrombus formation process can lead to acute cardiovascular events, such as: Myocardial infarction; Stroke (particularly ischemic type); peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Clinical Manifestations Depending on the affected artery, the clinical symptoms vary: Coronary atherosclerosis: Angina pectoris, myocardial infarction. Cerebral atherosclerosis: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA), ischemic stroke. Peripheral atherosclerosis: intermittent claudication (pain when walking), gangrene. Diagnostics For the diagnosis, various methods are used: Laboratory tests (lipid spectrum, C‑reactive Protein); non‑invasive imaging techniques (ultrasound of the carotid arteries, Coronary CT angiography); invasive procedures (cardiac catheterization with angiography). Prevention and therapy Effective prevention includes both lifestyle-related measures as well as drug therapies: Style changes: Smoking abstinence, well‑balanced diet with a focus on dietary fiber, Omega‑3 fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, regular physical activity, weight reduction life. Drug Therapy: Statins for the reduction of LDL‑cholesterol; Antihypertensives to control blood pressure; Hypoglycemic agents in the Presence of Diabetes; Anti aggreganzien (for example, acetylsalicylic acid) prophylaxis for Thrombus. In severe cases: interventional or surgical procedures (balloon dilatation, stent implantation, Bypass surgery). Conclusion Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a serious health challenge. Early identification of risk factors, a more aggressive prevention and targeted therapy can slow the progression of the disease and the Occurrence of life-threatening complications is significantly reduced.
Ang Cardio Balance Kapseln ay isang epektibo at ligtas na paraan para mapanatili ang kalusugan ng puso at pababain ang presyon ng dugo. Dahil sa kanilang natural na sangkap at mataas na bisa, nagiging maaasahang katuwang sila sa paglaban sa mataas na presyon ng dugo at sa pagpapabuti ng kalidad ng buhay. Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Constant high levels of stress can disturb the blood flow and blood pressure and can damage vessels, and you may experience dizziness, extreme fatigue, or body aches with no wish to get out of bed. This stress-induced fatigue can make your blood pressure high and needs to be monitored.
Cardiovascular Disease Examples
The Psalms in cardiovascular diseases
https://devt.emodas.cy/articles/505-infectious-diseases-of-circulatory-system.html
http://www.spb-03.com/articles/49122-pathophysiology-of-diseases-of-the-cardiovascular-system.html
I have two stents inserted in my heart and have been dealing with nerve-wracking irregular heartbeat my whole life. I decided to give Cardio Balance a try, and I thank God for it! Just after using it for a couple of weeks, my irregular heart beating became normal. I feel more ALIVE, young, and energetic. Una sa lahat, ang mga Beta-blocker ay karaniwang ibinibigay sa mga pasyente na may heart failure, aortic aneurysm, pagkatapos ng myocardial infarction, at sa mga kababaihan na nasa edad ng pagbubuntis, lalo na sa mga kababaihang nagpaplano ng pagbubuntis. Madalas matanggap ng katawan ang Beta-blocker, pero maaari rin itong magdulot ng pantal sa balat at bradycardia – sobrang bagal ng tibok ng puso.
Lecture: cardiovascular diseases and their treatment — Interpretation of ECG Findings Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and require early diagnosis and effective therapy. One of the most important diagnostic methods for the detection of heart problems, the electrocardiogram (ECG) represents the electrical activity of the heart is graphically. In this talk, first of all, the most common cardiac cycle will be introduced to diseases, then the importance of ECG Interpretation for the diagnosis and treatment will be explained. Frequent Cardiovascular Diseases Among the most common CVD: Coronary heart disease (CHD): Due to narrowing of the coronary arteries is decreased blood flow to the heart muscle, which can lead to Angina or a myocardial infarction. Hypertension: A permanently elevated blood pressure is damaging in the long term, heart, kidneys and blood vessels and increases the risk for stroke and heart attack. Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias): deviations from the normal sinus rhythm, such as atrial fibrillation, tachycardia or bradycardia, can lead to circulatory disorders. Congestive heart failure: The heart loses its Capacity to shortness of breath, Edema, and limitation of physical efficiency. Valve defect: Defects of the heart valves (e.g., aortic stenosis) can affect the blood flow and strain the heart. ECG: principles and Interpretation The ECG records the electrical impulses, the contraction of the heart is responsible. A normal ECG consists of the following waves and intervals: P‑Wave: Atrial Depolarization PQ‑interval: time from the beginning of the atrial until the beginning of the chamber of arousal QRS complex: the comb of the earth polarization (discharge) ST Segment: the time between the comb of the earth, polarization and repolarization T‑Wave: Chamber Of Repolarization (Reverse Polarization) Diagnostic clues in the ECG Certain changes in the ECG indicate specific diseases: Myocardial infarction: ST‑extension, pathological Q‑waves, inverted T waves Ischemia: ST‑cut, flat or negative T‑waves Atrial fibrillation: an Irregular rhythm, the lack of P‑waves, R‑waves instead of P‑waves AV Block: prolongation of the PQ interval (1. Degree), failure of the QRS Complex (2. Degrees), the complete decoupling of the P‑waves and QRS (3. Degree) Ventricular tachycardia: a wide QRS Complex, high heart rate Treatment strategies in dependence of ECG Findings The recommendations are in accordance with the ECG results: In the case of an acute ST‑lifter infarction (STEMI) is an immediate Revascularization (PCI or thrombolysis) is required. In the case of atrial fibrillation, anticoagulants (e.g., DOAKs) are used for the prevention of Stroke and, if necessary, rhythm‑ or rate-control. At high AV‑blocks, a pacemaker may be necessary. For ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic drugs, or an Implantable cardioverter‑Defibrillator (ICD) in question. In the case of Ischemia, a coronary angiography to clarify the stenosis location is carried out. Conclusion The correct Interpretation of the ECG diseases is an indispensable tool in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. It provides a rapid and targeted treatment, which can improve the Survival and quality of life of patients significantly. Advances in technology and training of health professionals contribute to increase the accuracy and efficiency of the ECG diagnostics.